G. it. Ent., 5 (28): 263-287
August 31, 1991
Convergent and parallel evolution and the supra-generic
classification of the Phoridae (Diptera)
by
R. H. L. DISNEY
Abstract - Aenictacantha gen. n. is described from Sulawesi and Malaysia. Two species, A. setifera sp. n. and Aenictacantha sp. A are dealt with, the second not being named as only a single damaged specimen is available. Both species associate with the ants Aenictus Shuckard. The genus shows affinity with the Afrotropical Hexacantherophora Schmitz, of the Metopininae, but with leg modifications resembling some Aenigmatiinae. Examination of the type material of Assmutherium Schmitz reveals significant error in the original description. It is transferred to the Metopininae. Its resemblance to Thaumatoxeninae and Aenigmatiinae is convergent. Beyermyia gen. n. is proposed for B. spinulicosta (Beyer) comb. n., transferred from Hypocerides Schmitz. Its male is described. Females of Epicnemis Borgmeier are described for the first time and E. harveyi sp. n. is described from the Philippines. Hypocerides is more clearly characterised and a provisional key to species provided. The suggestion of affinity with Thaumatoxeninae is rejected. A review of leg modifications and the male hypopygium in various Phoridae and outgroups suggests there has been a high frequency of convergent and parallel evolution amongst dorso-ventrally flattened, flightless, female Phoridae. The Aenigmatiinae, as traditionally conceived, is probably polyphyletic.
